The global energy strategy has traditionally been based on large thermal, nuclear and hydroelectric power plants, as well as high-capacity transmission lines that cross the land to the most inhospitable places on the planet. These infrastructures have usually been the object of public investment, something that proved necessary to guarantee the supply service, mainly due to the high cost and the lack of regulation to encourage public-private collaboration.

In recent decades, the most developed countries have managed to model a liberalised energy system, in which independent energy producers participate in the auctions that make up the daily energy mix, thus giving the system a competitive character that it previously lacked.